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With the emergence of Internet various institutions started making available important legal materials in centralized online databases. Depending on the previous classification of data, available resources, degree of disclosure, each organization adopts its own way to present materials online. Oftentimes institutions providing similar data organize it in different ways (different titles, categories, search criteria, search engines, websites etc.) Additionally, some may do it differently due...
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This article by Rachel Brett of Lovells reports on the results of a survey into classification practice in law libraries carried out through the BIALL and LIS-Law mailing lists in March 2007. Major findings were that only three respondents did not use any form of subject classification. The most frequently used classification scheme was Moys, and the single largest grouping was the 40 respondents (40.8%) who used their own in-house classification schemes.
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Information-seeking is important for lawyers, who have access to many dedicated electronic resources. However there is considerable scope for improving the design of these resources to better support information-seeking. One way of informing design is to use information-seeking models as theoretical lenses to analyse users’ behaviour with existing systems. However many models, including those informed by studying lawyers, analyse information-seeking at a high level of abstraction and are...
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To help design an environment in which professionals without legal training can make effective use of public sector legal information on planning and the environment - for Add-Wijzer, a European e-government project - we evaluated their perceptions of usefulness and usability. In concurrent think-aloud usability tests, lawyers and non-lawyers carried out information retrieval tasks on a range of online legal databases. We found that non-lawyers reported twice as many difficulties as those...
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Users of search engines express their needs as queries, typically consisting of a small number of terms. The resulting search engine query logs are valuable resources that can be used to predict how people interact with the search system. In this paper, we introduce two novel applications of query logs, in the context of distributed information retrieval. First, we use query log terms to guide sampling from uncooperative distributed collections. We show that while our sampling strategy is at...
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The renaissance of interest in American legal history has been greatly aided by a variety of developments in the materials and methods of legal research. Legal history has become a new center of attention in American legal education and scholarship and has attracted similarly enhanced interest in university history departments. Fortunately, this comes at a time when increasingly sophisticated research techniques and sources are gaining wide acceptance in both the academic and legal communities. Professor Cohen surveys the effects of these advances on research in American legal history.
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Présentation d'un nouvel outil dans Westlaw permettant d'accéder via un lien à des décisions ayant la même classification que celle où se trouve le lien.
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Web-search queries are typically short and ambiguous. To classify these queries into certain target categories is a difficult but important problem. In this article, we present a new technique called query enrichment, which takes a short query and maps it to intermediate objects. Based on the collected intermediate objects, the query is then mapped to target categories. To build the necessary mapping functions, we use an ensemble of search engines to produce an enrichment of the queries. Our...
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Browsing big legal databases has become a part of daily work activity in an almost every modern law o ce. Legal regulations change more often than it was in the past and to re- main up-to-date, one must use electronic media collections for help. The problem is that most popular databases take queries in formal query languages (e.g. SQL), which can be di cult for the casual database user. This project tries to determine, how the lawyers can be helped by providing natural language interface to...
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Legal information is often accessible via portal web sites. Legal documents typically combine structured and unstructured information, the former being tagged with markup languages such as XML (Extensible Markup Language). Current information retrieval research takes into account the structured information content of documents when computing the relevance ranking. Such an approach is very promising for the retrieval of legal documents. This is illustrated with two retrieval models specifically designed for the retrieval of legislation.
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Professor Peoples reports the results of a study finding that the opinions and performance of modern legal researchers do not support the traditional notion that print digests are the tool of choice for researching legal rules while electronic databases are best suited for finding cases discussing unique factual situations. Tomorrow's lawyers are unaware of some common shortcomings of electronic research and do not possess the strategies to compensate for them. Law librarians must become...
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Cette étude expose à partir de l’exemple de la banque de données Juris-Data la logique qui préside à la conception et à la constitution des fichiers de données juridiques – décisions de tribunaux et données issues de revues spécialisées – et analyse les effets de ce traitement d’information sur la production doctrinale. Elle démontre que, en collectant, sélectionnant et traitant les données essentielles, puis en facilitant leur repérage, l’informatique juridique documentaire participe à...
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The creation of a law classification schedule at the Library of Congress has been under development since the late 1930s and has continued to the present. The law schedules have been published over the past thirty-five years. Class K delineates all laws and legal systems on global, regional, and jurisdictional levels and provides links between historical and religious systems as well. This article also discusses historical and political aspects of the development of law classification.
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Legislative databases are a well-established information source for the legal professional. However, current legislative databases struggle with important problems. The manual updating of the texts and their reference data that are necessary for an effective consultation of the databases is very expensive and does not always guarantee the correctness of the retrieved texts. These findings are based upon the experience with the Agora-Lex project, which has developed a model and prototype for...
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The study reported in this paper is part of a programme of ongoing research based on the model of the Information Search Process (ISP) developed in a series of prior studies by Kuhlthau. This study sought to gain a better understanding of the variety of tasks that involve lawyers as a particular group of information workers, how they use information to accomplish their work, and the role mediators play in their process of information seeking and use. Findings revealed that these lawyers...
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To put it mildly, use of the Internet for legal research has proliferated. In addition, many reference librarians who wish to supplement LEXIS-NEXIS, CIS Academic Universe, Westlaw, and other commercial legal resources are turning to freely-available Web-based legal resources for the sake of comprehensiveness and cost savings. With this as background, the Idaho State University Reference Division staff surveyed the significant and freely available legal sites on the Web. They used Academic...