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Subject indexes are believed to have been invented in France in the 13th century, yet many modern French books lack such indexes. A two-pronged research project conducted in France in July 1999 aimed to examine manuscripts of the earliest indexes in libraries throughout the country and interview book publishers to determine their indexing policies. Manuscript book indexes produced in France, primarily in the Latin language and in the domain of religion, are works of extraordinary beauty,...
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A search of the Hebrew manuscripts and incunabula in the Vatican Library and other large Judaica collections yielded many dictionaries and citation indexes but almost no subject indexes, although the latter are common in Latin Christian manuscripts and incunabula. Reasons for this are suggested, and the compilation of early indexes for religious purposes is discussed. General conclusions relate to the methodological and terminological difficulties of conducting research on the earliest...
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Many scientific indexing structures thought to have been developed in the computer era were invented about a millennium earlier, in the domain of religion. Hans Wellisch traced the origins of alphabetical indexing to a fourth-century index to a compilation of sayings of the Greek Church fathers. The Masoretes standardized the text of the Hebrew Bible and in the course of their work created alphabetical lists of words and phrases. These tenth-century lists may be viewed as the predecessors...
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The Internet has stimulated interest in the history of indexes, but insufficiently detailed book indexes and manuscript catalogs make research in this field difficult. It has been claimed that concordances and subject indexes were invented in France in the thirteenth century, but alphabetical lists of words and phrases from the Hebrew Bible were compiled by the tenthcentury Masoretes. The Hebrew codicological database, Sfardata, lacks fields for the paratextual features of manuscripts, and...
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L'article démontre que l'indexation est obligatoire par différentes sources de droit aux États-unis.
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"The history and theory of human textual indexing are surveyed. Basic terms are defined, the extent of the literature is discussed, and key concepts are explained, with an emphasis on thesaurus-based indexing. A section on the consistency of human indexing leads into a discussion of automatic indexing algorithms. An assessment of the future of human indexing concludes the entry. Pages from an early printed index and a manuscript index illustrate the structural elements of index entries as well as features of the format of early indexes that are still found in contemporary publications."
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